An atrial septal defect (ASD) is a hole in the wall (septum) between the two upper heart chambers (left and right atria). An atrial septal defect is among the most common types of congenital heart diseases.

An atrial septal defect causes the oxygen-rich blood from the upper-left heart chamber (left atrium) to flow to the upper-right heart chamber (right atrium) and mix with the oxygen-poor blood. The blood then goes to the right pumping chamber (right ventricle) and is pumped into the lungs, and later back to the upper-left heart chamber (left atrium). Small atrial septal defects may not cause any symptoms or problems, but larger defects need medical attention. Some atrial septal defects close by themselves in childhood. Most specialists recommend that atrial septal defects not be repaired in childhood, unless the defect causes significant problems.

Heart problems related to ASD include right heart chamber enlargement, blood leaking backwards in the valve between the right heart chambers (tricuspid valve regurgitation), heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, atrial fibrillation or stroke.

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